Engine-lathe.



No. 723,704. v PATIENTED MAR. '24, 1903; J. H. MONTSTREAM, W. L.SGHELLENBAGH & W. LODGE.-

ENGINE LATHE.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 19', 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHBBTZ.

no MODEL.

m M M NITED STATES PATENT nron.

JOHN H. MONTSTREAM, WVILLIAM L. SCHELLENBACH, AND WVILIJIAM LODGE, OFCINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE LODGE & SHIPLEY MACHINE TOOL COMPANY,OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORATION.

ENGlNE-L ATH E.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 723,704, dated March24, 1903.

Application filed April 19, 1902.

To ctZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN H. MoNTs'rREAM,

,useful Improvements in Engine-Lathes, of

which the following is a specification. Our invention relates to a newlathe, which we term, from its chief function, a rapid-; reductionlathe. The general principles of construction of this lathe make itpossible to reduce from any given diameter of work six to ten times theamount of metal in a single I 5 out than would be possible with thelathe such as is now in general use.

The primary object of our lathe is, therefore, to produce a constructionwhich may be subjected to the immense strain resulting from theapplication of great power. Our construction is designed of suchstrength that three inches of metal may betaken from the diameter of thework at one out.

Another object of our invention is to so con- 2 5 struct the lathe thatsubstantially all of the strains of the machine in operation are bornethereby in a line approximately straight that is, as nearly as may becentrally relative. to the lathe-bed.

The conventional lathe now in use has its points of work supported andstrain disposed in the form of an equilateral triangle in which one apexis represented by one of the centers, the other two apices being theopposite sides 3 5 of the lathe-bed, which the carriage and tailstockstraddle and upon which they slide and have their bearings. As a resultthe machine of this type cannot stand a strain anywhere nearproportionate the strain which a machine 0 ofsuch size and proportionshould bear. The strain imparted by the work revolving between centersthrows a heavy downward strain through the tool upon the carriage, whichstrain is usually borne by the bridge of the carriage and thrown uponthe extreme outer bearings of the lathe-bed a considerable distance fromthe center. The strain imparted by the work revolving between centersimparts to the dead-center or tail-stock Serial No. 103,810. (No model.)

an upward or lifting strain proportionate to 0 the degree of powerinvolved. This lifting strain is likewise distributed by the straddlingtail-stock upon the same ways which sustain the strain of the tool, andhence these two opposite strains, the upward and downwardstrains,-resulting from the tail-stock pressure and the carriagepressure, respectively, have a spreading tendency exerted upon the sidesof the lathe equidistant from the middle. 7 The straddling of the wayson the bed by the tail-stock limits the movement of, the carriage, sothat it cannot travel past the same. Likewise the straddling of acarriage is a limitation of its own movement in either direction. Henceit is impossible to mount a plurality of tools on a machine of thischaracter in such a manner that they may be carried past the ends of the.work held between centers in either direction of carriage travel. Withour improvement the carriage is gibbed absolutely upon one side of thecenters, extending inward on its ways well 'in toward the center of thelathe-bed, so

as to have its bearings substantially in line with the lathe-centers.The tai1-stock is gibbed. entirely upon an independent way upon theopposite side of the carriage, having its bearings upon the under sideof its ways and almost directly in the middle of the bed in asubstantially vertical line with the lathecenters.

By our construction the downward strain. of the carriage and the upwardstrain of the tail-stock are eachindependently borne by their respectiveways and in a line substantially directly under the centers; also, allof the strains from the work are transmitted in a shortest possible lineto the soundest portion of the lathe structure. As a result, the machinewill stand the application-of suftio cient power to turn any pieceof'work the machinewill receive. Therefore a plurality of adjustablecutting-tools to beseated in proper position on the carriage ispermitted, so that each tool has the same bearing-sur- 5 face, and thecarriage may travel on its independent ways and completely pass thetailstock, so as to clear when all the tools are in position. By thismeans a piece of work may be finished-say a lathe-spindle having as manyas ten diametersusing only a travel of the. carriage equal in length tothe length of the longest diameter on the piece.

The various features of our invention will be more fully set forth inthe description of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thisspecification, in whieh-- Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly insection, of the complete lathe. Fig. 2 is an end elevation from thetail-stock end. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the lathe-bed.

A represents the bed of the lathe, fitted upon the pedestal A A (seeFigs. 1 and 2,) having the head-stock 13 formed integral therewith atone end. The pedestal A is extended frontward and forms a base for thesupport of the driving mechanisms.

G and D represent ways formed upon opposite sides of the lathe-bed, theway 0 forming the sole support for the movable carriage and the way Dthe sole support for the sliding tail-stock. It will be observed thatthe inner edges of these ways, respectively, are extended inwardlysubstantially to the middle of the lathe-frame. The under side of theinner ledge D of the tail-stock way is provided with an underbearing-surface which is substantially in the line of the lathe-centers.It may vary a small amount from the exact vertical position under thecenters; but the idea is to bring it as nearly as possible in line withthe lathe-centers, so that the tailstock may have an under bearing asnearly as possible in the direct line of strain imparted by the workrevolving between the centers to the dead-center or tail-stock.

The tail-stock way is inclined upwardly and outwardly, as shown in Fig.3, at substantially an angle of forty-five degrees. The frame of themachine upon this side is outcurved to form a suitable base for theinclined tail-stock way. i

(t represents metal webs or struts bridged across the frame of themachine between the two independent ways in a line under thelathe-centers.

C represents the bearing-way formed on the carriage or front side of themachine upon which the apron of the carriage is supported and travels.The way 0 has two opposite bearing-ledges G the inner ledge 0 beingcarried inwardly approximating the middle of the bed. These two opposingledges C C of the carriage-way and the ledge D of the tail-stock way areseparated sufficiently to allow the carriage and tail-stock to pass oneanother when mounted on their respective ways. The tail-stock way D is,if anything, nearer the middle than the carriageway in order that whenthe tail-stock is mounted in position its innermost portion may bedirectly in vertical line with the lathe-centers. (See Fig. 2.)

B represents the head-stock block cast integral with the frame, having abearing for the spindle.

I B represents a bearing-cap which is suitably bolted to the head-stockproper.

B represents a spindle-sleeve journaled within the head-stock bearing,within which sleeve the spindle proper or live-center is fixed. The endof the sleeve is provided with a flange to which the Work-chuck B issuitably secured by means of bolts passing through slots in the flangeof the spindle-sleeve B The pedestal A is extended beyond theheadstockand forms a support for the driving mechanism. E represents adriving-shaft, upon the outer end of which is fixed a driving-pulley E.The outer end of the shaft is journaled in a bearing-bracket E, securedto the top of the pedestal A. 1 and 2 represent different diametergear-wheels, (shown in dotted lines, Fig. 1,) formed together andadapted to slide on shaft E. The journalbracket E is upwardly andoutwardly extended, having a journal-bearing G in its upper end. Grepresents another journalbracket, fixed t0 the head-stock of the latheopposite to the journal-bearing G. Within the journal-bearings G G isjournaled a studshaft G parallel with the driving-shaft E. (See Fig.'1.)

g represents a sleeve fixed to the shaft G having the gear 5. formed onthe inner end. Aifixed to the outer end of said sleeve are the geaiwheels 3 and t. 6 represents the driven gear-wheel fixed to thespindle-driving sleeve B The gears 3 and 4: are of different diameters,the peripheries of which lie normally between the peripheries of thegear-wheels 1 and 2. Thus through proper manipulation gear 1 on shaft Emay be brought into mesh with the small-diameter gear-wheel 3 upon thestud-shaft G so that the lathe-spindle will be driven through gears 1,3, 5, and 6, and if moved in the opposite direction the lathe-spindle isdriven through gear-wheels 2, 4, 5, and 6.

H represents the tailstock bed, having the bearing-surfaces H 1-1 whichengage the rcspective ledges D D of the tail-stock way.

I represents the tail-stock in which is contained the deadcenter I, thetail-stock being adjustably secured upon the face of the tail-stock bedH.

1 represents a clamping-cap loosely fitted to the upper ledge I of thetail-stock by means of bolts I tapping through said clam ping-cap intothe said ledge 1 When these bolts are turned up tight, the tail-stock isclam ped rigidly on the ways. The dead-coin ter is operated in theordinary manner by the hand-wheel J and the screw J engaging into therear of the dead-center.

K represents an adjustingnut provided with the hand-leverK. The saidnuthas two interior screw-threaded peripheries of dilferent diameters,the larger of which is screwthreaded onto the end of the tail-stock. The

internal periphery of the adjusting-nut K' is screw-threaded onto atapered wedge-ring or clamping member K fitting over the deadcenter andinto a tapered recess in the end of the tail-stock. By turning thehand-lever K this wedging-ring K is moved inwardly or outwardly betweenthe tail-stock and the dead-center to clamp or release the dead-center.The tail-stock I is mounted in a transverse guideway on the tail-stockmember H. and is powerfully secured thereto by bolts 72 in vertical andhorizontal planes.

L represents a course-pitch lead-screw j ournaled in brackets Z Z,secured to the side of the frame, having a gear 8 fixed at one end.

M represents a gearbox containing variablespeed gearing for transmittinga varying speed from the driving-spindle sleeve 13 said sleeve beingprovided with teeth milled onto its periphery to the lead-screw gear 8.

T represents three tool-supports adjustably mounted upon the face of thecarriage.

U represents handwheels,whereby the tools may be fed into anypredetermined depth of work. l

P represents a hand-wheel for feeding the carriage. V

S represents a hand-lever for operating the power-feed. V

16 represents a rack-gear operated by handlever S for engaging anddisengaging the carriage-power-feeding mechanism. The carriage and apronare gibbed upon the bearings O, 0 and C of the carriage-way O.

J represents hand wheel for operating dead-center.

The most important feature of this invention is the bed constructionsupporting the tail-stock way. It will be observed that the tail-stockway D is supported by two upright walls t t, respectively. (See dottedlines Fig. 2.) The wall If is the outer wall on the rear of the machine,which is outcurved, forming the outwardly-swelled contour. (Seeninperspective in Fig. 3.) The upperinner edge of wall t is undercut, towhich undercut the tailstock is gibbed. It will be noted that this wayis shown in a plane at right angle to the perpendicular plane of thestrainthat is, the vertical plane of the machine-centers. The result ofthis square undercut is, first, that the direct upward vertical strainon the tail stock is resisted in approximately a straight line; second,the tail-stock way presents a resisting surface to the strain of thetail-stock in a plane transverse to the plane of the strain, and, third,this strain is practically in the direct .line of the vertical wall 25',going down to the base of the bed. The result of this is that Whateverthe degree of the work there is no spreading or wedging action.

If the gibbed engagement of tail-stock with the undercut way D were in aplane inclined upwardly and inwardly toward the plane of strain,obviously the strain would impart a wedging or camming action in anoutward or lateral direction, tending, as it were, to topple oversidewise to the wall if. Such gibbed relation would materially decreasethe strength and efficiency of the structure; but, as shown, the straintends, as it were, to bodily uproot the wall i.

a (see Fig. 3) represents cross struts or webs uniting the upperportions of the carriage and tail-stock ways. Also by inclining the waysD D as shown, from the inner ledge outwardly and upward a rigid bedstructure is obtained. Besides the rigidity thisconstruction allows acomparatively small tails'tock to be employed and also dispenses withthe necessity of a leaning tail-stock-or a tailstock built over towardthe center. While the undercut is at right angles to the perpen dicular,preferably, it will be understood that it might be in a plane inclinedupwardly and outwardly from the plane of strain,,the vital considerationbeing that the vertical upward strain or pull of the tail-stock on thisundercut of the tail-stock way should not be'in a direction laterallyaway from the machinecenters, which always results in a camming oroutwardly-wedging strain of the tail-stock way.

Having described ourinvention, we claim- 1. In a lathe, a bed having acarriage-way and a tail-stock way, separated at their ad jacent edges,the tail-stock way being undercut at its inner edge approximately in thevertical plane of the tail-stock center,whereby the tail-stock has anundergibbed engage-- ment with said way approximately in said plane, thesaid tail-stock way being inclined to the horizontal in a directionupwardlyand outwardly from the inner ledge of the way, substantially asdescribed.

2. In an engine-lathe, a bed, carriage and tail-stock ways with theirinner edges sepa* rated, the inner edge of the tail-stock way beingapproximately in the vertical plane of the machine centers, and undercutat approximately right angles thereto, substan tially as shown anddescribed.

3. In an engine-lathe, a bed, carriage and tail-stock ways separated attheir inner edges, a vertical wall supporting the inner edge of thetail-stock way, and extending to the base of the bed, the said wallbeing approximately in the vertical plane of the machine centers, andundercut at'its upper inner edge in a plane substantially at rightangles to the perpendicular, providing for the undercutgibbed engagementof the tail-stock substantially under the machine centers, substantiallyas shown and described.

4:. In an engine-lathe, a bed, carriage and iog tail-stock waysseparated at their inneredges, a vertical wall supporting the inner edgeof 4 the tail-stock way, and extending to the base of the bed, the saidwall being approximately 1 in the vertical plane of the machine centers,and undercut at its upper inner edge in a plane substantially at rightangles to the perpendicular, providing for the undercut gibbedengagement of the tail-stock, and webs of metal uniting the tail-stockand carriage Ways ata point below the path of travel of the tailstockand carriage, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof We have hereunto set [0 our hands.

JOHN H. MONTSTREAM. \VILLIAM L. SOHELLENBACH. WILLIAM LODGE.

Witnesses S. Ross, OLIVER B. KAISER.

